Intetho emfutshane malunga nemeko yangoku yoshishino lwedayimani eyenziweyo

"Inkosi yezinto" idayimani, ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezibalaseleyo, iye yaphononongwa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye yandiswa kwimimandla yesicelo amashumi eminyaka.Njengokuthathela indawo idayimani yendalo, idayimani eyenziweyo isetyenzisiwe kumasimi asusela kwizixhobo zoomatshini kunye needrill ukuya kwi-ultra-wide band gap semiconductors, ukusuka kwi-laser kunye nezixhobo ezikhokelwayo ukuya kumakhonkco edayimani abengezelayo ezandleni zabasetyhini.Idayimani eyenziweyo iye yaba yinxalenye yoshishino kunye nezacholo.

A. Ulwazi oluSisiseko

Idayimani yokwenziwa luhlobo lwekristale yedayimani edityaniswe yindlela yesayensi ngokulinganisa okwenziweyo kwemeko yekristale kunye nokukhula kwendalo yedayimani yendalo.Zimbini iindlela ezifumanekayo kurhwebo zokuvelisa ngobuninzi bedayimani -- ubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu (HTHP) kunye nekhemikhali yokubeka umphunga (CVD).Ngeteknoloji ye-HPHT okanye i-CVD, idayimani eyenziweyo inokuveliswa kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa, kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali, isalathisi se-refractive, ukuxinana, ukusabalalisa, ukuqina, ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal, ukwanda kwe-thermal, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya, ukuxhathisa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwedayimani yendalo. efanayo.Iidayimani zokwenziwa zodidi oluphezulu zikwabizwa ngokuba ziidayimani ezilinywayo.
Uthelekiso lweendlela ezimbini zokulungiselela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Uhlobo	Iprojekthi	Ubushushu obuphezulu be-HPHT kunye nendlela yoxinzelelo	Indlela yokubeka umphunga kwikhemikhali yeCVD
Ubuchule bokwenziwa	Imathiriyeli ekrwada engundoqo	I-graphite powder, i-metal catalyst powder	Irhasi enekhabhoni, ihydrogen
	Izixhobo zokuvelisa	I-6-surface diamond presser	CVD Depositional izixhobo
	Imekobume yokwenziwa	Ubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu	Ubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu
Hlakulela iimpawu eziphambili zedayimani	Imilo yemveliso	Igranular, isakhiwo cubic octahedron, 14	Iphepha, i-cube yesakhiwo, isikhokelo sokukhula esi-1
	Umjikelo wokukhula	Mfutshane	Inde
	Iindleko	Phantsi	Phezulu
	Iqondo lobunyulu	Imbi kancinci	Phezulu
	Imveliso efanelekileyo	1 ~ 5ct ukukhulisa idayimani	Khulisa idayimani ngaphezu kwe-5ct
Isicelo seTekhnoloji	Isidanga sokwenza isicelo	Itekhnoloji ivuthiwe, ukusetyenziswa kwekhaya kubanzi kwaye kunenzuzo ebonakalayo kwihlabathi	Itekhnoloji yangaphandle ikhulile, kodwa iteknoloji yasekhaya isekho kwinqanaba lophando, kwaye iziphumo zesicelo zimbalwa

Ishishini ledayimani eyenziweyo laseTshayina laqala kade, kodwa isantya sophuhliso loshishino siyakhawuleza.Okwangoku, umxholo wetekhnoloji, iikharati kunye nexabiso lezixhobo zokwenziwa kwedayimani eyenziweyo eTshayina zineenzuzo zokukhuphisana kwihlabathi.Idayimani eyenziweyo ineempawu ezibalaseleyo ezifanayo njengedayimani yendalo, efana ne-super hard, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kunye nokumelana nomhlwa.Yimathiriyeli ephucukileyo ye-inorganic non-metallic yokusebenza okuphezulu, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, okungapheliyo kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.Yeyona nto isetyenziswayo kwimveliso yezixhobo zokusebenza zokusarha, ukusika, ukugaya kunye nokugrumba izinto eziphezulu eziqinileyo kunye neziqhekezayo.Usetyenziso lwetheminali lugutyungelwe ngokubanzi kwi-aerospace kunye neshishini lomkhosi, izinto zokwakha, ilitye, ukuhlola kunye nemigodi, ukusetyenzwa koomatshini, amandla acocekileyo, i-elektroniki yabathengi, i-semiconductor kunye namanye amashishini.Okwangoku, esona sicelo siphambili somgangatho ophezulu wedayimane eyenziweyo, ebizwa ngokuba yidayimane elinyiweyo, ikushishino lobucwebe.

Ifestile yokukhangela imijukujelwa	Intwana yedayimani yokomba i-petroleum
Idayimani isarha blade	isixhobo Diamond
Ukusetyenziswa kweshishini ledayimani yokwenziwa

Iimeko zemveliso yeedayimani zendalo zinzima kakhulu, ngoko ke ukunqongophala kubalulekile, ixabiso liphezulu unyaka wonke, kwaye ixabiso ledayimani ezilinywayo liphantsi kakhulu kunedayimani zendalo.Ngokutsho kwe "Global Diamond Industry 2020-21" ekhutshwe yi-Bain Consulting, ixabiso lokuthengisa / i-wholesale yedayimani ezilinywayo iye yawa ukususela ngo-2017. Kwikota yesine ye-2020, ixabiso lokuthengisa ledayimani ezilinywa kwilebhu limalunga ne-35% ye ukuba idayimani yendalo, kunye nexabiso kwihoseyile malunga 20% ukuba idayimani zendalo.Kulindeleke ukuba ngokucocwa kancinci kancinci kweendleko zobugcisa, inzuzo yexabiso lemarike yexesha elizayo yokulima idayimani iya kubonakala ngakumbi.

Ixabiso ledayimani yokulima kubalelwa kwipesenti yedayimani yendalo

B. Ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso

Ikhonkco loshishino lwedayimani eyenziweyo

Umjelo onyukayo wetsheyini yokwenziwa kwedayimani yokwenziwa kubhekiselele kubonelelo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada njengezixhobo zemveliso kunye nesixhobo sobugcisa, kunye nokuveliswa kokwenziwa kwedayimani erhabaxa.I-China ngoyena mvelisi wedayimani ye-HPHT, kunye nemveliso yedayimani yokwenziwa yeCVD nayo iphuhla ngokukhawuleza.Iqela lemizi-mveliso lenziwe kwiPhondo laseHenan ngabavelisi abaphezulu bedayimani eyenziweyo, kuquka iZhengzhou Huacheng Diamond Co., LTD., Zhongnan Diamond Co., LTD., Henan Huanghe Cyclone Co., LTD., njl. La mashishini aphuhliswe ngempumelelo ngempumelelo. kwaye yavelisa isuntswana elikhulu kunye nokusulungeka okuphezulu kwedayimani eyenziweyo (idayimani elinywayo).Amashishini angasentla ayazi kakuhle itekhnoloji yemveliso yedayimani erhabaxa, enenkunzi eyomeleleyo, kwaye ixabiso lentengiso yedayimani eyenziweyo lizinzile, kwaye inzuzo ityebile.
Inxalenye ephakathi ibhekisa kurhwebo kunye nokusetyenzwa kwedayimani yokwenziwa engenanto, urhwebo lwedayimani yokwenziwa egqityiweyo uqheliso, kunye noyilo kunye noMosaic.iidayimani Small ngaphantsi kwe 1 carat ubukhulu becala kunqunyulwa eIndiya, lo gama carats ezinkulu ezifana 3, 5, 10 okanye idayimani ezimilise ezikhethekileyo ubukhulu becala asikwe eUnited States.I-China ngoku ivela njengeziko lokusika elikhulu kwihlabathi, kunye neChow Tai Fook yakha isityalo sokusika abantu abangama-5,000 ePanyu.
Umsinga osezantsi kakhulu ubhekiselele kwintengiso yedayimani eyenziweyo, ukuthengisa kunye namanye amashishini axhasayo.Idayimani eyenziweyo yomgangatho weshishini isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-aerospace, ukusetyenzwa koomatshini kunye nokuveliswa, ukuhlola i-petroleum kunye namanye amashishini.Uninzi lweedayimani ezenziweyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu zithengiswa kwishishini lezacholo njengedayimani ezilinywayo kwibakala lobucwebe.Okwangoku, iUnited States ineyona marike ivuthiweyo yehlabathi yokulima idayimani kunye nophuhliso, kunye nekhonkco lokuthengisa elipheleleyo.

C. Iimeko zemarike

Kwiminyaka yokuqala, ixabiso leyunithi yedayimani eyenziweyo laliphezulu ukuya kuma 20 ~ 30 yuan ngecarat, nto leyo eyenza ukuba amashishini amatsha okuvelisa athintele.Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yemveliso, ixabiso ledayimani eyenziweyo liye lehla ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ixabiso lehle laya kutsho ngaphantsi kweyuan enye kwikharati nganye.Ngophuhliso lwe-aerospace kunye neshishini lomkhosi, ii-photovoltaic silicon wafers, semiconductors, ulwazi lwe-elektroniki kunye namanye amashishini asakhasayo, ukusetyenziswa kwedayimane eyenziweyo kwintsimi yokuvelisa i-high-end ikhula rhoqo.
Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yempembelelo yemigaqo-nkqubo yokusingqongileyo, ubungakanani beemarike kushishino (ngokwemiqathango yemveliso yedayimani eyenziweyo) ibonise utyekelo lokuhla kuqala kwaye yanda kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, inyuka ukuya kwi-14,65 billion carats ngo-2018 kwaye i kulindeleke ukuba ifike kwi-15.42 yeebhiliyoni zeekharati ngo-2023. Utshintsho oluthile lulandelayo:

Eyona ndlela yokuvelisa eTshayina yindlela yeHTHP.Umthamo ofakelweyo we-press-side-side print press umisela ngokuthe ngqo umthamo wemveliso yedayimani yokwenziwa, kubandakanywa nedayimani elinywayo.Ngokuqonda okuhlukeneyo kweqela lophando lweprojekthi, umthamo okhoyo welizwe awukho ngaphezu kwe-8,000 yohlobo lwamva nje lwe-high-six-sided top press, ngelixa imfuno yemarike iyonke imalunga ne-20,000 yohlobo lwamva nje lwe-top-six-side.Okwangoku, ufakelo lonyaka kunye nokugunyaziswa abavelisi ezininzi zedayimani zasekhaya ezininzi ziye zafikelela kwisikhundla esizinzileyo malunga 500 iiyunithi ezintsha, kude ukuhlangabezana imfuno yemarike, ngoko ke kwixesha elifutshane neliphakathi, ukulima zasekhaya isiphumo imarike umthengisi diamond kushishino lwasekhaya. ebalulekileyo.